National Food Marketing Report Essay

Pakistan is known for zest on the planet, as it has brought a few sub mainland taste from India after autonomy. National Foods is the main sub mainland formula masala organization of Pakistan with unmistakable piece of the overall industry as contrast with the contenders. National Foods started its excursion in 1970 as a Spice organization, with a progressive item that promoted the idea of having spotless, solid food. National foods’ activities were, to make food that is clean, decrease time spent in the kitchen by ladies, cultivate wellbeing and contribute towards individual allure, with the goal that individuals who utilize our items would have the option to encounter an all the more remunerating way of life. This was well before the expression ‘Corporate Mission’ had even been created. Be that as it may, founder’s theory stays unaltered after some time. Regardless of whether their language †and the idea of just ladies doing the housework †have gotten obsolete, in this time of quickly evolving ways of life, fuelled by the widespread advancement of innovation; purchasers are constrained to modify their dietary patterns. National Foods reacts to this test of creating inventive food items dependent on comfort and snappy readiness in accordance with present day ways of life but then holds conventional qualities through its different assortment of food items. In a history that currently crosses three decades, National Foods’ achievement has been affected by the significant occasions of the day †monetary blast, melancholy, wars, changing customer ways of life and innovative progressions. Considerably following three decades the company’s point of convergence despite everything stays on customer’s needs through item improvement in accordance with the changing business sector patterns. Organization PHILOSOPHY National Foods must concentrate on customer’s needs and serve them with quality items at moderate costs at their doorsteps. Our items must be unadulterated and comply with worldwide principles. Our exploration should consistently create new daring items logically tried, cleanly delivered in protected and appealing bundling. We should make condition in our workplaces and manufacturing plants where gifts are prepped and have chance to progress in their professions. We should end up being perceived as acceptable corporate residents, bolster great motivations noble cause and bear decent amount of duties. Stores must be assembled, new industrial facilities made, sound benefits made and reasonable profit paid to our investors through structure a solid brand. National Foods Ltd. must get itself perceived as pioneer in Pakistan and abroad. With the assistance of god-like God, the organization can accomplish its objectives in years to come. VISION STATEMENT The vision of National Foods Ltd. is â€Å"To be a Rs. 50 billion food organization constantly 2020 in the accommodation food fragment by propelling items and administrations in the local and worldwide markets that upgrade way of life and make an incentive for our clients through administration greatness at all levels. † BUSINESS PRACTICES NFL has confidence in directing its activities with solid moral and good guidelines. NFLs articulation of set of accepted rules and strategic policies means to give direction on doing its business related choices and exercises. We wish to accomplish greatness in all circles of our tasks for which set of principles structure the premise. Any gathering entering any type of agreement with NFL will undoubtedly consent to the given rules. NFLs articulation of set of principles and strategic policies has the accompanying seven rules: 1. Out of line Means: Any utilization of pay off, payoffs or any type of installment in real money/kind to acquire business related or in any case productive advantage for the organization is carefully disallowed. Extreme business endowments and diversion additionally hold a similar significance and NFL doesn't affirm of such installments. 2. Regard and Integrity: NFL has confidence in offering admiration to people. We plan to work in a way that disheartens separation, provocation as well as impact. Separation alludes to bias dependent on a specific part of an individual character. 3. Irreconcilable situation: NFL precludes activities that are in struggle with the organization business interests. This may incorporate however isn't constrained to giving help to the opposition or holding possession interests in a client, provider, merchant or contender and making individual additions at organization cost. 4. Classification: NFL has faith in secrecy of data identified with organization business exercises. The organization expects workers not to uncover or disclose using any and all means the classified and monetarily touchy data but to the legitimate faculty requiring it. 5. Legal Compliance: NFL puts stock in offering all out help and collaboration to all the legislative and administrative bodies regardless of the degree of common implementation. 6. Monetary Integrity: NFL puts stock in complete consistence with the acknowledged bookkeeping rules and methodology. This incorporates however isn't restricted to Transparency: NFL debilitates any criminal behavior with the end goal of any advantage to the organization or others. All data provided to the partners or potentially inspectors must be valid and straightforward and Disclosure: All exchanges must be completely unveiled and should be for the reason expressed for. 7. Wellbeing, Safety and Community Responsibility: NFL is completely dedicated to security, wellbeing and obligation towards condition and network. All exercises of NFL must depict duty towards the network and country in general. NFL looks to utilize systems that are protected, solid and condition agreeable. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS This year brought a progression of difficulties and change for the Sales Team. As the extent of the socio-political changes expanded in the nation, the Sales Team was not just resolved to confront all the misfortunes, even with the peace circumstance, yet additionally present significant changes which would be great for the general development and improvement of the organization. Regardless of the overall states of strikes, screen downs and political strife, the Sales Team conveyed its objectives. In certain key classes like formula and salt, we much over conveyed. These classifications have a noteworthy effect in volume development and primary concern too. The Channel Specific methodology actualized is starting to yield results, where the Sales Team benefited from the market deals potential in territories of Public Account, Local Modern Trade, International Modern Trade, Food Service Division, Special Category and General Trade. Deals development in Public Accounts (USC-CSD) has dramatically increased for the current year. In Special Category Management (SCM), deals of salt was at an unsurpassed high. The 2013 condition was by and by testing because of breaking down peace circumstance, high expansion, fakes and vitality deficiencies. Be that as it may, in the wake of such difficulties, we conveyed 20% deals development (Volume 15%) with an improvement in exchanging working edge and EPS development in this way showing the estimation of solid arrangement of our kin behind our key need to become Rs. 50bn business by 2020. Solid nearness in universal markets is at the center of our vision proclamation and in accordance with our goal we built up an auxiliary in Dubai NFL †DMCC to fortify our fare activities and plan to set up more auxiliaries in Europe and North America soon. The continued business development that we have confirm in National Foods just as vital arrangement gives structure to quickened advancement, expanded commitment with shoppers and improved operational and money related abilities. This will empower us to stay fit to win in increasingly serious condition in future. Pakistan is the piece of sub-mainland, which is known for the high zesty nourishments and National Foods is the main formula masala of the nation. Be that as it may, National Foods confronted intense rivalry from the author of the formula masalas in the nation that is Shan Foods’ Recipe Masalas. National Foods has diverse food classes and in every classification they confronted various contenders. National Foods began their tasks with Jam, Jelly, Marmalades and Pickles and turned into a significant contender to Michelle’s and Ahmed Foods. National Foods are seen as Pioneer in Ketchups and Sauces by contending with Shezan and now Shangrilla as well. Following is the SWOT Analysis and Matrix according to National Food’s Strategy Formulation: Strengths: Cultural Image Developer Largest Food Exporter High Advertising Budget International Recognition. Shortcoming: High Pricing Strategy Limited Products Conventional Packing Stuck with Tradition Opportunities: High Food Entertainment Fond to International Tastes Multi-Cultural Lifestyle Technological Communication SO Strategy National Foods should presented International Recipes WO Strategy Associate National Food’s Brands with Interactive Social Media Threats: Increasing Dine-in Hangout Low Priced Masala Brands Ready-to-Eat Food Availability Chef’s TV Demonstrations ST Strategy Sponsored the Cookery Shows on Leading Food TV Channels in Pakistan WT Strategy. Cobranding the National Foods with Leading Fast Food Chains for building affiliation Proposed and Designed by Afnan Khan OLD VERSUS NEW BRAND LOGO OLD LOGO For more than 40 years, we’ve been known as the one brand ladies all over Pakistan depend on, however simply like individuals develop and change, we’re developing as well. What's more, presently it’s time for a change. Consistently we’re becoming greater, more splendid, increasingly worldwide, and our NFL soul of experience †which has been the vitality behind each new and creative item †is currently the consolation behind our new logo. The new Pakistani homemaker is feisty and lively and our new picture is helping her vibe similarly as we have ages of food darlings feel †totally at home. NEW LOGO At NFL, newness is the thing that props us up. We keep life upda

The Seizure Of Trumps Jet Essays - Libertarian Theory,

The Seizure Of Trump's Jet The Seizure of Trump's Jet The inquiry has been introduced: Would it be directly for a legislature to seize and sell one of Donald Trump's numerous Learjets so as to pay for a real existence sparing malignant growth treatment? A repetition of this inquiry might be : Would it be directly for the administration to hold onto the property of any man so as to profit the general public on the loose? The response to this inquiry is certifiably not a basic one. The request promptly uncovers a few layered inquiries concerning the issue. One may look first into the common privileges of man. What rights does man have as indicated essentially? Also, one must consider the privileges of a man as a feature of a general public or one who has gone into an implicit agreement. The third angle up for perception is the code of the specific culture of which that man is a section, for this situation the United States of America. Every one of these perspectives aggravated may yield a precise picture on whether an activity of the sort , seizure of private property for the open great, would be correct, ethics not considered. Be that as it may, with ethics thought about, the intricacy of accomplishing an answer may compound with each ethical hypothesis. A few people have endeavored to respond to the above inquiries among them Rousseau, the scholars of French Revolutionary records, the creators of the United States Declaration of Independence and Constitution, and Hume with regards to ethical quality. All people appear to concur that man is brought into the world with some similarity to regular rights however they differ on precisely what these rights are and their pertinence. They additionally observe the requirement for society and implicit understandings, yet they contend the point on precisely what ought to be remembered for such agreements and their conditions. Hume composes with respect to whether such things are good. The United States Declaration of Independence, The Social Contract and Discourse on the beginning of Inequality of Rousseau, and the Rousseau impacted French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen all appear to concur that man is brought into the world with specific resources. In any case, the understanding stops with that affirmation. The Declaration of Independence states, We hold these certainties to act naturally obvious, that all men are made equivalent, that they are blessed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights... The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen comparatively states, Men are conceived, and consistently proceed, free and equivalent in regard of their right. The two archives affirm that man isn't brought into the world just as a free being, yet as equivalent to every other man. In regard of this opportunity and uniformity, there are rights that must normally be given to man. Rousseau denies such cases. He concurs that man is brough t into the world free, yet he isn't really brought into the world equivalent to all others. Rousseau writes in the start of his Discourse, I think about two sorts of disparity in the human species: one which I call normal or physical, in light of the fact that it is set up commonly and comprises in the distinction old enough, wellbeing, real quality, and characteristics of brain or soul(Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, p37-38). The announcement infers that men are in reality not made similarly, so would it be a good idea for them to be permitted a similar common rights? As indicated by Rousseauean suspected, this inquiry is practically careless. Man in the condition of nature works on the sole reason for attempting to endure. He is uninterested with others, not as in he is brutal, however in that he has restricted contact as he in not an individual from a general public. The idea of rights as man realizes them presently isn't common, however a show of society. Rousseau's investigation of property rights further builds up such rights as results of society. Man started having just his work , as per Rousseau. Through this he came to guarantee land as his own, It is work alone that, in giving the cultivator a privilege to the result of the dirt he has worked, therefore gives him this right, at any rate until the collect, and subsequently from year to year. With this proceeding with ownership continuous, it is handily moved

How to Successfully Analyze a Candidates Curriculum Vitae

How to Successfully Analyze a Candidates Curriculum Vitae Filling a job opening often requires a significant allocation of time and resources. Hiring managers often see dozens, even hundreds of resumes from candidates with many kinds of qualifications. The best way to work through the hiring process is to have a specific plan. The plan should begin with writing an effective job post.Writing an effective job post will attract the kind of candidates that you are interested in; thus, weeding out those candidates that are not suitable for the position from the beginning. You will also need to develop a system of talent identification. Every system should be job specific. If you take care in developing a specific system, you will be able to read the resumes in relation to your goals and requirements for the job.When you are ready to begin reading resumes, you should follow an initial screening process followed by an analysis and reflective process. By following these steps, you can avoid dedicating time and energy to candidates who are not right for the position. © Shutterstock.com | Andrey_PopovIn this article, you will learn about 1) how to write a good job post, 2) a systematic system for talent identification, 3) initial screening of the CV, 4) how to read between the lines of a CV, and 5) some reflective questions.WRITING A GOOD JOB POSTBefore you begin to analyze potential job candidates resumes, you need to be sure that you are attracting the kind of applicants that you want. The best way to do this is to make sure that you have written a clear and concise job post. Understanding what makes a good job post requires an understanding of the purpose of writing a job post in the first place. It also requires you to understand what your intended audience will find attractive in a position.The Main Purpose of A Job DescriptionA job description is designed to define the roles and requirements of the job. It should work as a point of reference for potential applicants when they are writing their cover letters or adjusting their resumes. The d escription should accurately reflect both the nature of the job and the duties that will be performed by a potential employee. It should also be explained within the hierarchy of other roles at the organization. The job description should not be a vague list of skills but a specific list of requirements and desired practical skills relevant to the role. Vague descriptions will often encourage unqualified candidates and alienate the candidates you are targeting.One of the main roles of a job description is to attract the type of candidates that you are most interested in for the job. It should include specific skills as well as a desired track record from the applicant. For this reason, you should target your language to the type of candidate you would like to hear from.Avoid the Following MistakesUsing common industry jargon can help you attract candidates who are both experienced and dedicated to their profession. However, you should always avoid using local jargon. Do not refer to your programs by their internal title but instead describe them using well-recognized terms.Avoiding being unrealistic when you write the job posting. The job description should be accurate regarding the realities of the everyday duties of the job. By writing a description of the perfect candidate, you risk alienating perfectly qualified candidates. You should review your language carefully to ensure that you are inclusive. This includes avoiding discriminatory language. Avoid any statements that may be construed as indicating an age, cultural or religious requirement. These kinds of statements will make your company unattractive to job seekers. They will also be questioned legally.Be sure that the job role is updated each time you advertise it. Avoid using old advertisements when you are searching for new employees because job descriptions date themselves quickly. Ensure that the role is accurately described within todays market. This will make the role more appealing to job seeke rs. This also includes updating the salary when required. Salaries that reflect market conditions of the five years ago will receive few qualified applications.DEVELOP A SYSTEMATIC METHOD OF TALENT IDENTIFICATIONBefore you begin to analyze a candidates curriculum vitae, you need to decide upon a method of talent identification. A great method of talent identification will be able to find talent that has been previously undiscovered and be able to support it to become excellent. This system should be objective and realistic and should operate without bias. Your system of talent identification should be created specifically for the role you are trying to fill. By establishing what you are looking for in a candidate, you can sort through the pile of curriculum vitaes efficiently. You will be able to differentiate between good candidates, unqualified candidates, and those candidates who could become the companys next greatest employee with a little encouragement.Establish Your Hiring Go alsThe first step is to decide what your company will require from the candidate. More often than not, companies are looking for someone who is not just going to fill the role but flourish in it. Many employers want to hire people who will make their team and their company better. As a result, hiring managers should establish exactly what they hope to gain from a new employee before they begin to look through the resumes of applicants.Establish Desirable CharacteristicsAfter you have established your goals for the hiring process, you should set a list of desirable characteristics. You will probably have general characteristics that you look for depending upon the company culture. However, you will also need to look for characteristics that are specifically suitable for the role. Hiring the right person is more than finding a person with the right skills. It is important to find a way to measure these skills. For example, if you are looking for someone who is proactive, it is importa nt to discern what kind of proactive you are looking for. Are you looking for someone who does not need to be told something twice? Or are you looking for someone who steps out consistently to find ways to improve themselves without encouragement? It is equally important to measure desirable skills as it is to identify them.Establish Desirable Work ExperienceSetting a minimum amount of work experience is a general requirement when you evaluate a job candidate. However, you should establish what kind of work you are looking for. Specifically, you should look at how candidates have spent their time in their career. Candidates who have spent a decade in the same job with no movement will fill your work experience requirements. They may be excellent at that particular position that they filled for ten years. However, you must decide if you are looking for someone who is comfortable in one place of if you are looking for someone who is hoping to work their way into higher positions. Both types of qualities have benefits, but it is important to determine what qualities are right for you.Establish a Desirable Level of EducationFinally, you should establish minimum education requirements. Whether you are looking for an undergraduate degree, a postgraduate degree, or no degree, it is important to consider what kind of theoretical education that you are looking for. While some roles demand extensive education, others do not necessarily require it. Each level of education presents new opportunities for the company and there are positive and negative aspects of all levels of education. It is important to remember that not all degrees are created equal. The level of education a candidate has attained will also be supplemented by the candidates personality. While some people scrape through four years of undergraduate education for the sake of checking the box, those who choose to forgo a college education may present more desirable personal qualities. By deciding how import ant formal education is to the role and your company, you will be able to make better-informed decisions in the hiring process.INITIAL SCREENINGOnce you have written an attractive job description and decided upon a suitable method of talent identification, you can begin the initial screening process. An initial screening process should be inclusive but does not need to be investigative. You should look for major inconsistencies and ensure that the candidate fulfills the requirements you have set in your talent identification process.Step 1: Review the Candidates Career Path.  You should review not only the kind of job that the candidate has previously held but also their movement in the workplace. If your position has limited mobility, it would probably not appeal to a candidate who has previously worked quickly up the ranks and is looking for serious career growth. Similarly, if you desire a candidate who will work hard to achieve promotions, you should avoid candidates who seem in terested in remaining at the same level of responsibility.Step 2: Look for Accomplishments.  Keep an eye out for industry awards or workplace accomplishments listed in the resume. A list of responsibilities will only express what a candidate was expected to achieve on a daily basis according to their job duties. However, a list of accomplishments will speak to the kind of employee the candidate is. Keep an eye out for candidates who understand the goals of the business as a whole as well as their department.Step 3: Check for Consistency.  A good resume is consistent and does not have any large gaps between jobs or education. When a candidates curriculum vitae exhibits signs of long periods of unemployment this may be the result of several things. The first is that they found employment between jobs, but they are either embarrassed about the nature of the job or they deem it to be irrelevant. A second option, more common among younger applicants, is that they took time off for one re ason or another. If the candidate has a strong resume except for a few gaps, you may consider enquiring further for an explanation.Step 4: Look for Detail.  Check for exact details as you review resumes. Candidates should list the start and end date of their previous employment along with the details about their job position. If they list educational details, they should list the date of graduation as well as the qualification achieved.Step 5: Review Education.  When reviewing a candidates education, it is important to keep your minimum education requirements in mind. Look carefully through word heavy education sections to discern what was gained during these periods. You may want to discern whether or not the candidate was going to school part time while working full time. This shows dedication to achieving an educational goal while being able to balance multiple responsibilities. You should also be aware of a candidate who provides a long list of educational experiences. They may be covering a lack of practical experience with a long list of weekend seminars.Step 6: Look for Clarity.  Candidates should use clear, concise and meaningful language in their resumes. They should avoid the use of local jargon and instead use general industry keywords that are easily discernible. Candidates who hide behind complicated language may be trying to cover up a lack of qualifications for the job that they are applying for.READING BETWEEN THE LINESWhen you post a job advertisement, you are likely to receive dozens of resumes that look the same on the surface. With some exceptions, the resumes that you will decide to dedicate time to will look remarkably similar. According to your talent identification system, you should be reading resumes that follow a certain trajectory. However, when you begin to analyze a candidates curriculum vitae further, it is essential to be able to distinguish between the long lists of similar job experiences and skills. In this case, it is essent ial to be able to read between the lines of a resume. To best achieve this, you should be aware of any lists of ancillary information as well as the language they use to describe their previous experiences.Beware of Trivia: Beware of resumes that contain large amounts of trivia or ancillary information. Applicants who include a lot of ancillary information about their hobbies or extracurricular activities may actually be weak in work experience.Check the Language: Does the candidate employ the use qualifiers like knowledge of or exposure to? This often means that a candidate has no practical experience with the subject at hand. Though they have experienced these skills indirectly, they may not have had the chance to practice them.REFLECTIVE QUESTIONSOnce you have read through your stack of chosen resumes and decided which ones would make good candidates, you should ask yourself some reflective questions before you decide to move them forward into the interview process.How would the candidates skills benefit the business?  Will the candidate simply fill a hole in the business or would they significantly contribute to the company? Depending on what it is important to you, you should think about the things that you have learned from the candidates curriculum vitae to decide whether or not they would be an asset to your company.What makes them unique?  Though many candidates have a long list of similar skills and work experiences, you should try to discover what sets them apart from the other candidates. With some resumes, this will be immediately obvious. However, you should be prepared to think about the less than spectacular resumes that may actually have real, unpolished potential.Do they appear success or goal oriented?  You should think about the career trajectory of the candidate. A goal oriented person is always a desirable employee because they take pride in their accomplishments and are constantly working for new successes. These qualities can often be d iscerned through the job movement of a candidate.Do they take an active role in their education?  A candidate who takes an active role in their education is a desirable candidate. It can be quite easy to distinguish between a candidate who was forced to attend a seminar and a candidate who is actively working for self-improvement. You will also want to think about whether or not they achieved a professional standard in their education. Candidates who did the bare minimum to pass are likely to bring that attitude into the workplace with them.Effectively analyzing a resume is an essential part of the hiring process. Though it takes time and critical thought, hiring managers can make this process easier by clearly outlining the job goals and requirements for the candidates and themselves. When these desired outcomes are clearly established, it is easier to distinguish between candidates and satisfy your companys hiring goals.

Inflation Effecting Stock Market Prices Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1866 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This paper explains why the nominal level of share prices has failed to rise during a decade of substantial inflation. Many researches were conducted to demonstrate and explain the relationship between inflation and stocks returns and price earnings ratios. However this study is to look at how inflation impacts the overall stock market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inflation Effecting Stock Market Prices Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This study is concerned with the structural relationship between stock market and the inflation. This paper explains why the nominal level of share prices has failed to rise during a decade of substantial inflation. The key to the explanation is the features of the current U.S. tax laws, especially historic cost depreciation and the taxation of nominal capital gains that cause the effective rate of tax or corporate source income to rise when there is a higher rate of inflation. The current analysis shows that to understand the structural relation between inflation and share prices it is crucial to note that a high 9on~tant rate of inflation leaves the price-earnings ratio unchanged while an increase in the rate of inflation depresses the price-earnings ratio. The higher nominal interest rates that accompany inflation actually represent lower real net-of-tax yields on alternative assets for most investors. The current analysis takes this into account in determining the share price. The main focus of the paper uses a stock valuation model to derive the share demands of investors in different tax situations and then calculates the share value that achieves market equilibrium. Numerical calculations illustrate the analysis with a representative individual and a representative tax-exempt institutional investor. In this paper the analysis was conducted in the following area and then overall conclusion was drawn. 1) The effect of inflation on the demand prices of the shares. 2) A Market Equilibrium Model of Share Valuation. 3) Inflation and the Market Equilibrium Share Value. After analysis the conclusion was that the higher rate of inflation causes a significant reduction in the ratio of share prices to real earnings per share. From equilibrium analysis it was also observed that the ratio of share prices to real earnings is capable to fall if the demand price of each share for some individuals is in reality increased by the effect of inflation. The Adjustment of Stock Prices to Information about Inflation The paper analyzes how stock prices behave in response to the news about Inflation. Relationship between inflation and common stock return is studied widely by researchers. For instance Nelson, Bodie, Jaffe and Mandelker and Fama and Schwert they all represent an evidence that there is negative relationship between the stock prices and both the unexpected and expected inflation rate since 1953 they all used monthly returns of broad group of the New York Stock Exchange common stock. The basic idea of this paper is actually extension of the previous studies. The researcher extended the previous idea and modified it by using the daily returns of the common stocks and taking in consideration both the announcement of CPI inflation rate increase and decrease. If the unexpected inflation is bad news for the stock market, and if the announcement of CPI contains new information about inflation, if the unexpected inflation news is regarding increase of inflation rate than this news will be associated with the decrease of stock price, if the unexpected inflation news is about the deflation than the news will be associated with the increase of the stock prices. If the monthly data is used than there is a lag of more than a month between the data is collected and the actual CPI is announced to the general public. The researcher used the daily common stock returns in order to test whether the stock market reacts at the time the when the actual CPI is announced or at the time when the price data is being collected, if there is any kind of reaction. Methodologies which were used by researchers varied from researcher or researcher, different models were used by different researchers to predict the unexpected inflation these models include: Nelson and Bodie used extrapolative time series model to predict inflation. Jaffe and Mandelker and Fama and Schwert followed Fama using short-term interest rate as a predictor of inflation. The researcher used Famas model to measure the unexpected inflation for the purpose of this study. For the assurance that the results are not distorted due to the choice of the model which is used all the tests are replicated again and using time series model to estimate the unexpected inflation. For the purpose of this research the data which is used is the daily returns of Standards and Poors composite portfolio from the year 1953 to year 1978. Variables of the model which was used are given below: The daily continuously compounded rate of return on Standard and Poors composite portfolio Dummy variable for the day of the week. Monthly Treasury bill rate measured at the end of the month. Measure of expected inflation rate using Famas model The announcement date of unexpected inflation rate. The findings of the paper remained that the stock market do reacts to the unexpected inflation when the CPI is actually announced; one of the strange findings was that the stock market do not react to the unexpected inflation when actually CPI is sampled, in reality several weeks before the announcement of that results to the general public. The finding remained that the stock market reacts to the information but not to the actual increase in inflation when actually this is happening. The Effects of Inflation News on High Frequency Stock Returns July 1999 The paper examines how stocks respond to unanticipated news regarding macroeconomic conditions i.e. Inflation. There are four basic questions to be answered by findings of the research the four questions are: Does news about inflation impacts stock return. Reasons behind weak link between stocks and CPI news. Reasons for insignificant link between small stock and PPI Inflation news. What is the intensity of response to the inflation news? The theoretical and empirical models which are used to answer these questions are based upon the idea that stock prices are influenced by economic announcements like if the new information affects the either the expected dividends or the expected discount rates, or the both. The new information is the difference between announced value of the inflation at t+1 time and the anticipated value of inflation at time t. in early times many researches were done on this area but in this paper the data which is used to analyze is based on monthly expected and actual inflation. In prior studies the daily data was used. The sample data for Producer Price Index (PPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) are used from January 1983 to December 1995. The stock equally- weighted common stock portfolio returns are used which were created from Institute for the Study of Securities Markets (ISSM) Transactions Databases (years 1983 to 1992) and from the New York Stock Exchanges (NYSE) Trade and Quote (TAQ) database (years 1993 to 1995). Five different regressions were ran initially for knowing the coefficients of the variables after that the results were checked against the Null Hypothesis. PPI had negative correlation with the stock returns and the results for CPI are surprising that the relationship between CPI and the Stock Returns is statistically insignificant. The research mentioned that those who investigate the stock returns on daily return basis will miss the link between stocks and inflation. To test the impact of inflation on different sizes of the stock the researcher used the following methodology. The results were different for the different sizes of the stock the large stocks had more and clear response to the news regarding inflation as the size of the stock is reduced the link started becoming meaningless when the stock size is reduced to very low the relationship became insignificant and at extreme the signs which came were completely useless. The conclusion answered the questions of the researcher that there is strong relationship between the unanticipated inflation (news) and the intra-day stock returns. Yes there is strong relationship between Producer Price Index (PPI) news and the stock returns however there is weak relationship between Consumer Price Index (CPI) news and the stock returns. The relationship was of inverse and the relationship was significant for large stocks and insignificant for small stocks. Answer to the second question is that as PPI is forecasted and availability of PPI news, CPI news is less frequent and most of times it is not available there the link between CPI and stock returns is weak. The response of the stock to the news takes 15 minutes to respond to the news regarding inflation The Relationship between Stock Returns and Inflation In Four European Markets Summary This paper examined the effects of both expected and unexpected inflation on real stock returns for four different European countries i.e. France, Germany, Italy, and the U.K. The literature has the evidence that there exists a negative relationship between these two variables i.e. Inflation and real stock returns, as it is evidence from the studies of Nelson, Fama and Schwert. On the other side of the picture few researchers argued strong positive relationship between inflation and the nominal returns on the stock i.e. Boudoukh and Richardson. While at the same time the other researcher claimed: either no relationship Rapach (2002) or others evidenced a little relationship Shiller (1992). This is the summary of the literature which was mentioned in the paper. This paper examines the relationship between real stock returns and expected and expected inflation in four different European countries, however it is assumed that all the European markets are homogenous in nature. This paper is unique in the sense that it examines the relationship between both the expected and unexpected inflation. The technique which is used in this paper is also different from those which were used in the previous papers. Four different equations were used for different variables i.e. inflation, interest rate and economic growth, all these equations are estimated using the Box-Jenkins Methodology. First these parameters are estimated and then another equation is used to gauge the impact of these variables on real stock returns. The methodology which is used is to simultaneously estimation with full information maximum likelihood. Data which was used for this analysis is obtained from International Financial Statistics and OECD CD-ROM. Quarterly data was analyzed from the first quarter of 1975 to first quarter of 2001. Now the results portion of the paper: unexpected inflation and unexpected interest rates were statistically significant for three countries and had significant impact on real stock returns. France, Italy and U.K. are affected by both unexpected inflation and unexpected interest rates. The remaining variables had no significant impact on the real stock returns for these three countries. However in Germany none of the variables turned out to be significant. The summary of the findings is that the real stock return does not respond to expected inflation but they do respond to unexpected inflation. Inflation shocks have no impact on real stocks returns but stocks do respond to these shocks in the manner which were mentioned in the literature. Finally stock returns do not tend to respond to economic growth or even shocks to economic growth.

Saving Morality The Implications of Hard Determinism

Hard determinism, the acceptance of determinism and the rejection of libertarian free will, results in some serious consequences for moral responsibility. At its most extreme interpretation a form of moral nihilism arises. †Without God ... everything is permitted now.†[1] That is, if determinism holds true, then there is no free choice, and without free choice there can be no moral responsibility. By taking hard determinism to its logical conclusion, and evaluating the results of a steadfast adherence to the theory this paper serves to show that moral nihilism is not the inevitable end to morality in a hard determinist framework. Instead morality, if not wholly, at least partially, is capable of being maintained by the hard determinist.†¦show more content†¦In this case the maxim might be, if one is in the position to save the life of another without significant harm to themselves, they should. This can be contrasted with a non-moral ’ought’ such as †you ought to eat because you are hungry.† These type of non-moral prescriptive ’oughts’ are hypothetical imperatives and are simply commandments of reason. It follows from the lack of moral responsibility that moral obligation in a deterministic framework is meaningless, and as such the moral ’ought’ is normatively empty. It seems impossible to reconcile determinism with the moral ’ought’ as statements such as †you ought not have lied† implies that you could have chosen to do otherwise. Yet there may be a way to maintain the moral ’ought’, even if only as a component of reason. According to Henry Sidgwick, †the adoption of [hard] Determinism will not-except in certain exceptional circumstances or on certain theological assumptionsreasonably modify a man’s view of what it is right for him to do or his reasons for doing it.†[3] This is possible because although moral obligation lacks n ormative force without free choice, it in some form can still remain. It makes no sense for a hard determinist to disregard hypothetical imperatives as nonsensical simply because of a lack of free choice. If a hard determinist is hungry they will eat. Whether they could have done otherwise is irrelevant, they were simply following a prescriptive ruleShow MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 Pages- Design Principles What is the External Context for a HRM Strategy? What is the Internal Context for a HRM Strategy? Developments in Human Resources HRM Strategy and Lifecycle Stage What if the Organisation is going through Structural Change? 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Performance measurement and control systemsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand management theory Critical theory develops new understanding of ‘the scientific approach’ ‘The sciences of the spirit’ The models of ‘natural science’ and the ‘sciences of the spirit’ come together Critical theory has practical organizational implications The development of psychoanalysis as a challenging perspective in organization theory Psychoanalysis gives insight into organizations as a ‘practical theory’ T he challenge of psychoanalysis to organizations The key challenges of psychoanalysisRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagespeace but domestic warfare; more leisure but less fun; more kinds of food but less nutrition. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, of fancier houses but broken homes. These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality, one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer to quiet to kill. It is a time when there is much in the show window and nothing in the stockroom. (Moorehead, n.d.) This book is built on the presumption that developingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesclimate change. Tucker concludes his rather pessimistic assessment of these key dimensions of the twentieth-century experience with cautionary explorations of key sources of our increased recognition and understanding of these processes and their implications for life on the planet, as well as with an overview of some of the measures that have been proposed for bringing them under control. Taken together, the thematic essays included in this collection provide the basis for fashioning a coherent

How a Friend Change My Life Free Essays

Friends Really Do Change Your Life I believe friends can impact your life. Whether negatively or positively, the people you surround yourself with have a significant impact on where your life takes you. Specifically, I believe my best friend got me to where I am today. We will write a custom essay sample on How a Friend Change My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am now and have been on a path to success since she entered my life. Four years ago, I was a trouble maker, rule breaker and all out rebel. The girls that I surrounded myself were known for their bad attitudes and party habits. I have watched their lives get destroyed because of the decisions they made. I believe by stepping away from them, I have become a more structured and overall better person. During my friendship with my former group of friends, I had no rules. I stayed out hours past midnight, threw parties without my parent’s permission or knowledge, and didn’t care who I associated myself with. Thankfully, I was level-headed enough to never give in to the pressure of trying drugs or alcohol. I was only in it for the fun. Four of these girls, however, lacked the better judgment I was lucky enough to have. They drank constantly, smoked pot, and ditched school almost every day. After several years of this, I had had enough. Unfortunately, by associating myself with this group I had somewhat ruined my reputation. Even though I stayed away from drugs, people at school assumed I was just as crazy as the rest of the girls. The girls eventually dropped out of school and I was left trying to find people that would accept me. I knew of another girl at school that I hadn’t talked to in a few years. She was in Honors classes and theater, so we rarely crossed paths. Our parents, however, were best friends and always encouraged her and I to hang out but we never found much in common. After separating myself from my former group, she and I became friends. I quickly found myself realizing what true friendship really was and was surprised to have found it with someone I had once thought to be so different from me. Four years later, we are best friends and closer than anyone could imagine. Through the lives of my former friends, I have seen what my path could have been. I could have been without a high school education, without a job, without my dignity and without a true friend. I have learned that who you associate yourself with can have a strong impact on your future. By becoming friends with someone I thought was on the right path, I, myself, can see a bright future ahead of me. I am extremely thankful to have found someone who helped me get on this path. I believe that without her, I would not be who I am today. How to cite How a Friend Change My Life, Papers

Love In Lanval Essay Research Paper Love free essay sample

Love In Lanval Essay, Research Paper Love is the cardinal subject of the two narratives Lanval, by Marie De France, and The Prologue and Tale of the Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffery Chaucer. The writers have really similar sentiments about the nature of love and how people react to being in love. One of the messages conveyed in both narratives is the resistless power that a adult female has over a adult male who is in love with her. The writers use their characters to exemplify the thought that love and sexual desire can easy be used for personal addition. Chaucer and Marie make a strong attempt to associate love to decease in their narratives. The writers use their character s actions and interactions to research both the visible radiation and dark side of how love affects people. Strong adult females are the drive forces behind both of these narratives. We will write a custom essay sample on Love In Lanval Essay Research Paper Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the prologue to the Wife of Bath s narrative, she tells the group of pilgrims about her five hubbies, and she expounds on her feelings about love and sex. The Wife s beliefs travel against the popular feelings of the clip, particularly among a group of devout spiritual trusters. The Wife makes no effort to conceal the fact that she likes work forces, and one of her standards for a hubby is sexual art. ( Line 610-615 ) The Wife is besides forthright to the group about her desire to get married for money. ( Line 315-322 ) The Wife must contend an acclivitous conflict against the group because she is uneducated and comes from the state. Her cognition comes from life experience, non from analyzing church philosophies like the others. She additions credibleness from the others by sharing these experiences and by the positions that they have helped to determine. Chaucer sets the strong-minded Wife apart from the other, weaker and obedient female characters in the group. Marie De France uses the Queen to acquire her message about love across to the reader. The Queen is a sly, cunning pe rson who sees no job with utilizing love to pull strings the work forces in her life. She used her power over Lanval to drive a cuneus between he and Arthur, and her actions about lead to Laval s death. The Queen is an highly beautiful adult female who tries every manner she knows how to score the knight Lanval. She is grim when he tries to defy her feminine trickeries. ( Line 260 280 ) When Lanval succeeded in fending off her progresss, she turned the tabular arraies and lied to Arthur, doing him to desire to kill Lanval for lese majesty. ( Line 305 315 ) The Queen seems to take pleasance in the jobs that her oblique ways create. The Queen is a perfect illustration of how unsafe love can be. Both of the writers make an attempt to compare love to decease in the two narratives. The Wife of Bath survived all of her hubbies even though some were significantly younger so her. Her hubbies were all profoundly in love with her, as opposed to her loving them chiefly for their money. This is Chaucer s manner of exemplifying that existent romantic love can really be a hurt. In Lanval, the love that the Queen and Lanval shared for one another came really near to killing Lanval at the custodies of the Queen s other love, Arthur. This is important because Lanval had been one of Arthur s closest comrades, but it merely took the love of one adult female to do them deathly enemies. Marie De France and Geoffery Chaucer have a instead misanthropic position about the nature of love ; neither writer seems to believe that love can be a common, guiltless feeling. The narratives that they penned show love as a cold, calculated trade good that merely leads to decease and sadness. They show that love is used to pull strings and confound the unsuspicious spouse, non take to peoples contentment. The chief intent for love, harmonizing to the writers, is for societal and pecuniary addition. The most adept and manipulative spouse reaps the wages.

Thomas Edisons Greatest Inventions

Thomas Edisons Greatest Inventions The legendary inventor Thomas Edison was the father of landmark inventions, including  the phonograph, the modern light bulb, the electrical grid, and motion pictures. Heres a look at a few of his greatest hits.   The Phonograph   Bettmann  / Contributor  / Getty Images   Thomas Edison’s first great invention was the tin foil phonograph. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, he noticed that the tape of the machine gave off a noise that resembled spoken words when played at a high speed. This led him to wonder if he could record a telephone message.   He began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it based on the reasoning that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, Mary had a little lamb. The word phonograph was the trade name for Edisons device, which played cylinders rather than discs. The machine had two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When you spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of your voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle. The cylinder phonograph, the first machine that could record and reproduce sound, created a sensation and brought Edison international fame. The date given for Edisons completion of the model for the first phonograph was August 12, 1877. It is more likely, however, that work on the model was not finished until November or December of that year since he did not file for the patent until December 24, 1877. He toured the country with the tin foil phonograph and was invited to the White House to demonstrate the device to President Rutherford B. Hayes in April 1878. In 1878, Thomas Edison established the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company to sell the new machine. He suggested other uses for the phonograph, such as letter writing and dictation, phonographic books for blind people, a family record (recording family members in their own voices), music boxes and toys, clocks that announce the time and a connection with the telephone so communications could be recorded. The phonograph also led to other spin-off inventions. For example, while the Edison Company had been fully devoted to the cylinder phonograph, Edison associates began developing their own disc player and discs in secret due to concern over the rising popularity of discs. And in 1913, the Kinetophone was introduced, which attempted to synchronize motion pictures with the sound of a phonograph cylinder record. A Practical Light Bulb   Thomas Edisons greatest challenge was the development of a practical incandescent, electric light. Bettmann  / Contributor  / Getty Images Contrary to popular belief, he didnt invent the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1879, using lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament and an improved vacuum inside the globe, he was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light.   The idea of electric lighting was not new. A number of people had worked on and even developed forms of electric lighting. But up to that time, nothing had been developed that was remotely practical for home use. Edisons achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. He accomplished this when he was able to come up with an incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized sewing thread that burned for thirteen and a half hours. There are a couple of other interesting things about the invention of the light bulb. While most of the attention has been given to the discovery of the ideal filament that made it work, the invention of seven other system elements were just as critical to the practical application of electric lights as an alternative to the gas lights that were prevalent in that day. These elements included: The parallel circuitA durable light bulbAn improved dynamoThe underground conductor networkThe devices for maintaining constant voltageSafety fuses and insulating materialsLight sockets with on-off switches And before Edison could make his millions, every one of these elements had to be tested through careful trial and error and developed further into practical, reproducible components. The first public demonstration of the Thomas Edisons incandescent lighting system was at the Menlo Park laboratory complex in December of 1879.   Industrialized Electrical Systems On September 4, 1882, the first commercial power station, located on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan, went into operation, providing light and electricity power to customers in a one square mile area. This marked the beginning of the electric age as the modern electric utility industry has since evolved from the early gas and electric carbon-arc commercial and street lighting systems. Thomas Edisons Pearl Street electricity-generating station introduced four key elements of a modern electric utility system. It featured reliable central generation, efficient distribution, a successful end use (in 1882, the light bulb) and a competitive price. A model of efficiency for its time, Pearl Street used one-third the fuel of its predecessors, burning about 10 pounds of coal per kilowatt hour, a heat rate equivalent of about 138,000 Btu per kilowatt hour.   Initially, the Pearl Street utility served 59 customers for about 24 cents per kilowatt hour. In the late 1880s, power demand for electric motors dramatically altered the industry. It went from mainly providing nighttime lighting to becoming a 24-hour service due to high electricity demand for transportation and industry needs. By the end of the 1880s, small central stations dotted many U.S. cities, though each was limited in size to a few blocks because of direct current’s transmission inefficiencies. Eventually, the success of his electric light brought Thomas Edison to new heights of fame and wealth as electricity spread around the world. His various electric companies continued to grow until they were brought together to form Edison General Electric in 1889.   Despite the use of his name in the company title, Edison never controlled this company. The tremendous amount of capital needed to develop the incandescent lighting industry would necessitate the involvement of investment bankers such as J.P. Morgan. And when Edison General Electric merged with leading competitor Thompson-Houston in 1892, Edison was dropped from the name and the company became, simply, General Electric. Motion Pictures Bettmann  / Contributor  / Getty Images   Thomas Edisons interest in motion pictures began before 1888, but it was English photographer Eadweard Muybridge’s visit to his laboratory in West Orange in February of that year that inspired him to invent a camera for motion pictures.   Muybridge had proposed that they collaborate and combine the Zoopraxiscope with the Edison phonograph. Edison was intrigued but decided not to participate in such a partnership because he felt that the Zoopraxiscope was not a very practical or efficient method  of recording motion.   However, he liked the concept and filed a caveat with the Patents Office on October 17, 1888, that described his ideas for a device that would do for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear- record and reproduce objects in motion. The device, called a Kinetoscope, was combination of the Greek words kineto meaning movement and scopos meaning to watch.† Edison’s team finished development on the Kinetoscope in 1891. One of Edisons first motion pictures (and the first motion picture ever copyrighted) showed his employee Fred Ott pretending to sneeze. The major problem at the time, though, was that good film for motion pictures was not available.   That all changed in 1893 when Eastman Kodak began supplying motion picture film stock, making it possible for Edison to step up the production of new motion pictures. To do this, he built a motion picture production studio in New Jersey that had a roof that could be opened to let in daylight. The entire building was constructed so that it could be moved to stay in line with the sun. C. Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat invented a film projector called the Vitascope and asked Edison to supply the films and manufacture the projector under his name. Eventually, the Edison Company developed its own projector, known as the Projectoscope, and stopped marketing the Vitascope. The first motion pictures shown in a movie theater in America were presented to audiences on April 23, 1896, in New York City.

Biography of Golda Meir, First Female Prime Minister of Israel

Biography of Golda Meir, First Female Prime Minister of Israel Golda Meirs deep commitment to the cause of Zionism determined the course of her life. She moved from Russia to Wisconsin when she was eight; then at age 23, she emigrated to what was then called Palestine with her husband. Once in Palestine, Golda Meir played vital roles in advocating for a Jewish state, including raising money for the cause. When Israel declared independence in 1948, Golda Meir was one of the 25 signers of this historic document. After serving as Israel’s ambassador to the Soviet Union, minister of labor, and foreign minister, Golda Meir became Israels fourth prime minister in 1969. She was also known as Golda Mabovitch (born as), Golda Meyerson, Iron Lady of Israel. Dates: May 3, 1898 - December 8, 1978 Early Childhood in Russia Golda Mabovitch (she would later change her surname to Meir in 1956) was born in the Jewish ghetto within Kiev in Russian Ukraine to Moshe and Blume Mabovitch. Moshe was a skilled carpenter whose services were in demand, but his wages were not always enough to keep his family fed. This was partly because clients would often refuse to pay him, something Moshe could do nothing about since Jews had no protection under Russian law. In late 19th century Russia, Czar Nicholas II made life very difficult for the Jewish people. The czar publicly blamed many of Russias problems on Jews and enacted harsh laws controlling where they could live and when - even whether - they could marry. Mobs of angry Russians often participated in pogroms, which were organized attacks against Jews that included the destruction of property, beatings, and murder. Goldas earliest memory was of her father boarding up the windows to defend their home from a violent mob. By 1903, Goldas father knew that his family was no longer safe in Russia. He sold his tools to pay for his passage to America by steamship; he then sent for his wife and daughters just over two years later, when he had earned enough money. A New Life in America In 1906, Golda, along with her mother (Blume) and sisters (Sheyna and Zipke), began their trip from Kiev to Milwaukee, Wisconsin to join Moshe. Their land journey through Europe included several days crossing Poland, Austria, and Belgium by train, during which they had to use fake passports and bribe a police officer. Then once on board a ship, they suffered through a difficult 14-day journey across the Atlantic. Once safely ensconced in Milwaukee, eight-year-old Golda was at first overwhelmed by the sights and sounds of the bustling city, but soon came to love living there. She was fascinated by the trolleys, skyscrapers, and other novelties, such as ice cream and soft drinks, that she hadn’t experienced back in Russia. Within weeks of their arrival, Blume started a small grocery store in the front of their house and insisted that Golda open the store every day. It was a duty that Golda resented since it caused her to be chronically late for school. Nevertheless, Golda did well in school, quickly learning English and making friends. There were early signs that Golda Meir was a strong leader. At eleven years old, Golda organized a fundraiser for students who could not afford to buy their textbooks. This event, which included Goldas first foray into public speaking, was a great success. Two years later, Golda Meir graduated from eighth grade, first in her class. Young Golda Meir Rebels Golda Meirs parents were proud of her achievements but considered eighth grade the completion of her education. They believed that a young womans primary goals were marriage and motherhood. Meir disagreed for she dreamed of becoming a teacher. Defying her parents, she enrolled in a public high school in 1912, paying for her supplies by working various jobs. Blume tried to force Golda to quit school and began to search for a future husband for the 14-year-old. Desperate, Meir wrote to her older sister Sheyna, who by then had moved to Denver with her husband. Sheyna convinced her sister to come to live with her and sent her money for train fare. One morning in 1912, Golda Meir left her house, ostensibly headed for school, but instead went to Union Station, where she boarded a train for Denver. Life in Denver Although she had hurt her parents deeply, Golda Meir had no regrets about her decision to move to Denver. She attended high school and mingled with members of Denvers Jewish community who met at her sisters apartment. Fellow immigrants, many of them Socialists and anarchists, were among the frequent visitors who came to debate the issues of the day. Golda Meir listened attentively to discussions about Zionism, a movement whose goal it was to build a Jewish state in Palestine. She admired the passion the Zionists felt for their cause and soon came to adopt their vision of a national homeland for Jews as her own. Meir found herself drawn to one of the quieter visitors to her sisters home - soft-spoken 21-year-old Morris Meyerson, a Lithuanian immigrant. The two shyly confessed their love for one another and Meyerson proposed marriage. At 16, Meir was not ready to marry, despite what her parents thought, but promised Meyerson she would one day become his wife. Return to Milwaukee In 1914, Golda Meir received a letter from her father, begging her to return home to Milwaukee; Golda’s mother was ill, apparently partly from the stress of Golda having left home. Meir honored her parents wishes, even though it meant leaving Meyerson behind. The couple wrote each other frequently, and Meyerson made plans to move to Milwaukee. Meirs parents had softened somewhat in the interim; this time, they allowed Meir to attend high school. Shortly after graduating in 1916, Meir registered at the Milwaukee Teachers Training College. During this time, Meir also became involved with the Zionist group Poale Zion, a radical political organization. Full membership in the group required a commitment to emigrate to Palestine. Meir committed in 1915 that she would one day immigrate to Palestine. She was 17 years old. World War I and the Balfour Declaration As World War I progressed, violence against European Jews escalated. Working for the Jewish Relief Society, Meir and her family helped raise money for European war victims. The Mabovitch home also became a gathering place for prominent members of the Jewish community. In 1917, news arrived from Europe that a wave of deadly pogroms had been carried out against Jews in Poland and Ukraine. Meir responded by organizing a protest march. The event, well-attended by both Jewish and Christian participants, received national publicity. More determined than ever to make the Jewish homeland a reality, Meir left school and moved to Chicago to work for the Poale Zion. Meyerson, who had moved to Milwaukee to be with Meir, later joined her in Chicago. In November 1917, the Zionist cause gained credibility when Great Britain issued the Balfour Declaration, announcing its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Within weeks, British troops entered Jerusalem and took control of the city from Turkish forces. Marriage and the Move to Palestine Passionate about her cause, Golda Meir, now 19 years old, finally agreed to marry Meyerson on the condition that he move with her to Palestine. Although he did not share her zeal for Zionism and didnt want to live in Palestine, Meyerson agreed to go because he loved her. The couple was married on December 24, 1917, in Milwaukee. Since they didn’t yet have the funds to emigrate, Meir continued her work for the Zionist cause, traveling by train across the United States to organize new chapters of the Poale Zion. Finally, in the spring of 1921, they had saved enough money for their trip. After bidding a tearful farewell to their families, Meir and Meyerson, accompanied by Meirs sister Sheyna and her two children, set sail from New York in May 1921. After a grueling two-month voyage, they arrived in Tel Aviv. The city, built in the suburbs of Arab Jaffa, had been founded in 1909 by a group of Jewish families. At the time of Meirs arrival, the population had grown to 15,000. Life on a Kibbutz Meir and Meyerson applied to live on Kibbutz Merhavia in northern Palestine but had difficulty getting accepted. Americans (although Russian-born, Meir was considered American) were believed too soft to endure the hard life of working on a kibbutz (a communal farm). Meir insisted on a trial period and proved the kibbutz committee wrong. She thrived on the hours of hard physical labor, often under primitive conditions. Meyerson, on the other hand, was miserable on the kibbutz. Admired for her powerful speeches, Meir was chosen by members of her community as their representative at the first kibbutz convention in 1922. Zionist leader David Ben-Gurion, present at the convention, also took notice of Meirs intelligence and competence. She quickly earned a place on the governing committee of her kibbutz. Meirs rise to leadership in the Zionist movement came to a halt in 1924 when Meyerson contracted malaria. Weakened, he could no longer tolerate the difficult life on the kibbutz. To Meirs great disappointment, they moved back to Tel Aviv. Parenthood and Domestic Life Once Meyerson recuperated, he and Meir moved to Jerusalem, where hed found a job. Meir gave birth to son Menachem in 1924 and daughter Sarah in 1926. Although she loved her family, Golda Meir found the responsibility of caring for children and keeping the house very unfulfilling. Meir longed to be involved again in political affairs. In 1928, Meir ran into a friend in Jerusalem who offered her the position of secretary of the Womens Labor Council for the Histadrut (the Labor Federation for Jewish workers in Palestine). She readily accepted. Meir created a program for teaching women to farm the barren land of Palestine and set up childcare that would enable women to work. Her job required that she travel to the United States and England, leaving her children for weeks at a time. The children missed their mother and wept when she left, while Meir struggled with guilt for leaving them. It was the final blow to her marriage. She and Meyerson became estranged, separating permanently in the late 1930s. They never divorced; Meyerson died in 1951. When her daughter became seriously ill with kidney disease in 1932, Golda Meir took her (along with son Menachem) to New York City for treatment. During their two years in the U.S., Meir worked as the national secretary of Pioneer Women in America, giving speeches and winning support for the Zionist cause. World War II and Rebellion Following Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany in 1933, the Nazis began to target Jews - at first for persecution and later for annihilation. Meir and other Jewish leaders pleaded with heads of state to allow Palestine to accept unlimited numbers of Jews. They received no support for that proposal, nor would any country commit to helping the Jews escape Hitler. The British in Palestine further tightened restrictions on Jewish immigration to appease Arab Palestinians, who resented the flood of Jewish immigrants. Meir and other Jewish leaders began a covert resistance movement against the British. Meir officially served during the war as a liaison between the British and the Jewish population of Palestine. She also worked unofficially to help transport immigrants illegally and to supply resistance fighters in Europe with weapons. Those refugees who made it out brought shocking news of Hitlers concentration camps. In 1945, near the end of World War II, the Allies liberated many of these camps and found evidence that six million Jews had been killed in the Holocaust. Still, Britain would not change Palestines immigration policy. The Jewish underground defense organization, Haganah, began to rebel openly, blowing up railroads throughout the country. Meir and others also rebelled by fasting in protest of British policies. A New Nation As violence intensified between British troops and the Haganah, Great Britain turned to the United Nations (U.N.) for help. In August 1947, a special U.N. committee recommended that Great Britain end its presence in Palestine and that the country is divided into an Arab state and a Jewish state. The resolution was endorsed by a majority of U.N. members and adopted in November 1947. Palestinian Jews accepted the plan, but the Arab League denounced it. Fighting broke out between the two groups, threatening to erupt into full-scale war. Meir and other Jewish leaders realized that their new nation would need money to arm itself. Meir, known for her passionate speeches, traveled to the United States on a fund-raising tour; in just six weeks she raised 50 million dollars for Israel. Amid growing concerns about an impending attack from Arab nations, Meir undertook a daring meeting with King Abdullah of Jordan in May 1948. In an attempt to convince the king not to join forces with the Arab League in attacking Israel, Meir secretly traveled to Jordan to meet with him, disguised as an Arab woman dressed in traditional robes and with her head and face covered. The dangerous journey, unfortunately, did not succeed. On May 14, 1948, British control of Palestine expired. The nation of Israel came into being with the signing of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, with Golda Meir as one of the 25 signers. First to formally recognize Israel was the United States. The next day, armies of neighboring Arab nations attacked Israel in the first of many Arab-Israeli wars. The U.N. called for a truce after two weeks of fighting. Rise to the Top Israel’s first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, appointed Meir as ambassador to the Soviet Union (now Russia) in September 1948. She stayed in the position only six months because the Soviets, who had virtually banned Judaism, were angered by Meirs attempts to inform Russian Jews about current events in Israel. Meir returned to Israel in March 1949, when Ben-Gurion named her Israels first minister of labor. Meir accomplished a great deal as labor minister, improving conditions for immigrants and armed forces. In June 1956, Golda Meir was made a foreign minister. At that time, Ben-Gurion requested that all foreign service workers take Hebrew names; thus Golda Meyerson became Golda Meir. (â€Å"Meir† means â€Å"to illuminate† in Hebrew.) Meir dealt with many difficult situations as foreign minister, beginning in July 1956, when Egypt seized the Suez Canal. Syria and Jordan joined forces with Egypt in their mission to weaken Israel. Despite a victory for the Israelis in the battle that followed, Israel was forced by the U.N.to return the territories they had gained in the conflict. In addition to her various positions in the Israeli government, Meir was also a member of the Knesset (Israeli parliament) from 1949 to 1974. Golda Meir Becomes Prime Minister In 1965, Meir retired from public life at the age of 67 but had only been gone a few months when she was called back to help mend rifts in the Mapai Party. Meir became secretary general of the party, which later merged into a joint Labor Party. When Prime Minister Levi Eshkol died suddenly on February 26, 1969, Meirs party appointed her to succeed him as prime minister. Meirs five-year term came during some of the most turbulent years in Middle Eastern history. She dealt with the repercussions of the Six-Day War (1967), during which Israel re-took the lands gained during the Suez-Sinai war. The Israeli victory led to further conflict with Arab nations and resulted in strained relations with other world leaders. Meir was also in charge of Israel’s response to the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, in which the Palestinian group called Black September took hostage and then killed eleven members of Israel’s Olympic team. The End of an Era Meir worked hard to bring peace to the region throughout her term, but to no avail. Her final downfall came during the Yom Kippur War, when Syrian and Egyptian forces waged a surprise attack on Israel in October 1973. Israeli casualties were high, leading to a call for Meirs resignation by members of the opposition party, who blamed Meirs government for being unprepared for the attack. Meir was nonetheless re-elected but chose to resign on April 10, 1974. She published her memoir, My Life, in 1975. Meir, who had been privately battling lymphatic cancer for 15 years, died on December 8, 1978, at the age of 80. Her dream of a peaceful Middle East has not yet been realized.

Logistics and operation managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Logistics and operation managment - Essay Example Scheduling can be defined as the process of controlling, arranging and optimizing the workload in the manufacturing or production process. It is used for allocating the machinery and plant resources, planning production processes, planning human resources and purchasing material. Inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling is of great significance, as it can be associated with the financial benefits of the organizations. The imbalance between these supply chain operations may lead to an unnecessarily increased work in process, deteriorated delivery performance and frustrated staff in the sales and manufacturing departments. However, for most of the organizations excess capacity can certainly be unnecessary and costly. The inability to properly handle these processes can also be considered as a barrier in achieving maximum organization performance. In addition to this inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling are all considered to be significant factors in the choice of technology of the organization. These processes help in determining that how much capacity must be needed by the firm, the schedule and all the processes related to inventory management that are required for manufacturing a great product or begin the production of an en tire new product (R.Arnold, 2010). The imbalance between inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling may result in under or over stocking of items. Under-stocking of items may result in lost sales, missed deliveries, production bottlenecks, dissatisfied customers and it also unnecessarily ties up the funds of the organization that could have been more productive if used elsewhere. Overstocking may have fewer drawbacks attached to it; however the cost of excessive overstocking may be quiet staggering in the cases when the inventory holding cost is high, as the matter may easily get out of the hands of the

Evidence, Proof and argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Evidence, Proof and argument - Essay Example As the jury, it is your duty to decide fairly, dispassionately and impartially based on the evidence presented by the prosecution4 since the burden of proving the guilt of defendant Duncan lies with the prosecution5 and owing to this stringent requirement, its case must stand and fall on its own merits. The prosecution cannot assert that the evidence for the defence is weak. Any claim therefore by the prosecution that this defendant has not established a valid defence should not be entertained. I would like to emphasize that the duty to prove the guilt of this defendant is the sole responsibility of the prosecution6. This defendant need not do anything since the law presumes his innocence until proven otherwise. However, Members of the jury, I would likewise caution you that the proof required of the prosecution is not absolute certainty that this defendant has committed the grievous act he is accused of. The prosecution is simply required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt(fn-case) that this defendant is guilty. Judgment beyond a reasonable doubt simply requires moral certainty that this defendant committed the offence charged. ... With that as a backdrop, let us proceed with the task at hand. This defendant is indicted for the murder of Simon Chapman by allegedly plunging the knife into the victim’s heart with intent to hurt and cause him serious harm. The death of Simon Chapman allegedly resulted from the acts of this defendant who was then 15 years old. Allow me, Members of the Jury to walk you through the undisputed facts—the decedent, Simon Chapman and his friend Christopher Jones (Jones) were sitting in a coach aboard a train late at night when two boys, defendant Duncan Moore and David Parker (David) were smoking and running about the train passing from one carriage to another. Christopher Jones chided the boys for smoking and to which they replied to â€Å"fuck off†. At this point, David—the younger of the two—decided to pester Jones by grabbing his briefcase. A commotion ensued where Jones pushed David who retaliated with a punch landing on the Jones’ face. As Jones was about to hit David again, Duncan intervened. The ruckus is now between Jones and Duncan. They were throwing punches at each other when decedent Chapman arose from his sleep and seeing that Jones was being hit by Duncan, he, in turn, struck Duncan with his umbrella. Duncan fell on his back and decedent Chapman straddled him, the two went on throwing punches against each other when the fracas stopped. Decedent Chapman was stabbed with the use of a kitchen knife. Thereafter, two boys alighted on the next train stop. Based on this undisputed facts, you shall decide if this defendant stabbed the victim or is there a probability that somebody else on that train who could be the culprit. Before we move on to the evidence presented by either side, it is important that I discuss the

Danger and NASCAR Essay examples -- Racing Death Essays

Danger and NASCAR â€Å"I had never even heard of Dale Earnhardt until he crashed into eternity, but now here I am writing a column about him† (King, 64). This reaction, recorded by Florence King in National Review, seems to be a common one since Earnhardt’s death in the Daytona 500. Dale Earnhardt was a driver in the Winston Cup circuit for the National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). Despite the fact that he is arguably the most popular NASCAR driver, many people did not know who he was until he died. It is sad to realize that sometimes it takes death to become recognized. However, Dale is not the only NASCAR driver who is becoming known from his death. In a span of nine months, Tony Roper, Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin, and Earnhardt himself all have died on three different racetracks (Hinton, 133). NASCAR is focusing on the pressing issue of how to make racing as safe as possible, while remaining competitive. Some of this deals with learning from thes e deaths. All sports have risks. Unfortunately, sometimes we learn most from our mistakes. NASCAR is learning, and changing. Despite the fact that NASCAR (National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing) has a $1.7 billion, 8-year deal (Hinton, 135) with Fox, it actually had very humble beginnings. Many debate the very beginnings of racing itself. Richard Petty, a 200 race winner nicknamed â€Å"The King,† once joked, â€Å"It was the day they built the second automobile† (Menzer, 57). NASCAR actually began with a bunch of â€Å"Good Ol’ Boys† from down south. Many of the original drivers were moonshine runners, transporting illegal whiskey to lots of places in the southeast. NASCAR â€Å"was born on December 14, 1947, during a meeting of thirty-f... ... June, 2001. Hunter, Don & Pearce, Al. The Illustrated History of Stock Car Racing. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing Company, 1998. King, Florence. "The Misanthrope's Corner." National Review. 2 April, 2001: 64. McCormick, Steve: About.com. 27 Aug. 2001. 26 October 2001. http://nascar.about.com/library/weekly/aa082701a.htm Menzer, Joe. The Wildest Ride: A History of NASCAR. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. "NASCAR considers safety rules for super tracks." The Goshen News 24 Oct. 2001: B-2. "NASCAR Safety is the Issue." Advertising Age 72.9 (2/26/01): 28. Academic Search Elite. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 25 October, 2001. Spencer, Lee. "NASCAR is Facing Pressure to Get up to Speed." Sporting News. 225.7 (2/12/01): 22. Academic Search Elite. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 25 October, 2001.

Compare and contrast the ways in which Thomas Hardy Essay

Hardy presents Troy’s seduction through his use of form, structure and language in order to present the bewitching nature of her courtship with Troy. I have taken a particular scene from the novel, in order to illustrate the point presented above. This scene takes place soon after Troy, a soldier, has met with Bathsheba Everdene, a stern young woman who has inherited her uncle’s farm, is to observe Troy’s sword practices. She is certain that she will not attend but not long before their meeting, Bathsheba relents and goes to see him. She is enthralled and frightened by his practises, as he comes very close to harming her with his sword. In the closing parts of the scene Troy kisses Bathsheba, and leaves her feeling quite ashamed. Hardy’s narration in this particular scene is very much focused on Bathsheba. The reader is only able to observe the movements of Troy and his speech. As a result, the reader is able to grasp Bathsheba’s enchantment whiles watching Troy. The sword practice does, in fact, enchant Bathsheba. She believes that the sword has â€Å"passed through her body,† by some sort of â€Å"magic. † She describes the swords gleaming reflection of sunlight, as if the sword itself is â€Å"greeting† her. She is enthralled by all the different types of light that it produces. The sword takes on a wand like appeal, as if Troy is casting a spell on Bathsheba and drawing her closer towards his designs upon her. His sword show evokes fear and wonderment from her, and these feelings soon lead her to fall for Troy. A sense of enchantment is also created in the courtship between Edward Sydney and Julia Wellsey, in Bronte’s â€Å"The Foundling. † On approaching Julia’s home, Sydney hears her singing in an â€Å"angelic† and â€Å"harmonious† fashion. In her song she professes her love for Sydney, and he is driven to her feet in a bout of passion after he discovers the Julia is the singer. Both Lady Julia and Troy put on a show for their objects of love. Troy’s sword show and Julia’s singing both create a sensory appeal towards their lover. However Julia’s angelic song is far more peaceful but still as attractive to Sydney, as Troy’s dangerous but beautiful sword show is to Bathsheba. On leaving Troy, Bathsheba’s feelings are engaged even more so than before. As Troy leaves, he kisses her on the mouth and this leaves Bathsheba feeling shameful. After he has kissed her, Hardy describes how â€Å"blood† is â€Å"brought beating into her face,† and it sets her â€Å"stinging as if aflame. † His description portrays Bathsheba’s passion. The active movement of the blood; the dynamic nature of his description, injects energy and passion into Bathsheba’s manner. She is described as being aflame; a common allegory for passion. Likewise in Edith Wharton’s â€Å"The Age of Innocence,† Wharton describes a â€Å"burning flush† of blood rising up Olenska’s neck. The two women- Olenska and Bathsheba- both appear stern and self-confident in their rejection of their suitors; however, they are still susceptible to passion and desire. They possess that same physical and carnal passion men have in many works of literature. In Phillip Sydney’s â€Å"The Old Arcadia,† Sydney describes Musidorus’ love for Pamela as a physical tremor in his body and likewise in D.H Lawrence’s â€Å"Lady Chaterley’s Lover,† Mellor’s feels a burning in the back of his loins, when he is approached by lady Chaterley. Their two characters can therefore represent a change in societies’ opinion of woman that came in the late Victorian period: women also have desires and through this they are made equal to men in the novels; ideals that the suffragettes upheld very much. The physical apprehension in Bathsheba’s character is also seen prior to her meeting with Troy. She changes her mind, quickly, and seeks out Troy. When reaching the pit that Troy is found, Hardy describes the way her â€Å"eyes shone and her breath went quickly. † Her physical state heightened to a tremor and her desire to meet Troy is described as temerity, therefore, the reader receives a great deal of information concerning Bathsheba’s initial desire to see Troy. The dynamic description of her physical being creates a sense of apprehension, this could not only be discerned as desire, but it may relate to a fear of what Troy plans to undertake with her, or a need to satisfy a social expectation to meet with the needs of the promise she made with him. Her anticipation for their meeting creates tension. Similarly in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein,† her description of Frankenstein’s monster’s apprehension, that causes the scene in which he approaches De lacey to befriend him, to be made significant. These two scenes are very much significant in each of the two narratives. In Hardy’s â€Å"Far From The Madding Crowd,† this event marks the beginning of Bathsheba’s loss of reason, upon falling in love with Troy. In â€Å"Frankenstein† this event marks the uprising of the monster’s aggressive revenge against humanity, as De Lacey and his family shun him. On falling in love with Troy, Bathsheba is not only susceptible to her loss of reason but she is also vulnerable to scandal. Her decent into irrationality and scandal, is presented through Hardy’s use of setting. Initially Bathsheba is in an open space; a field that Hardy describes as having â€Å"radiant† â€Å"hues,† â€Å"untainted† in green. He describes the scenic view of the field as it is covered with â€Å"plump Diaphanous. † This place is reflective of the serenity that Bathsheba enjoys in her reason, and it also reflects the beauty of her innocence that has been untainted, like field has an untainted colour, by her suitor’s scandal. Similarly in Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† Darcy’s estate reflects the new found beauty Elizabeth finds in his character. The natural beauty in Darcy’s estate relates to the untainted virtue that Darcy has possessed since childhood, as the natural beauty of the field relates to the innocence of Bathsheba. However, when she approaches Troy, she is unexpectedly descending into a scandal and irrationality. The pit is a place that represents Bathsheba’s enthrallment to Troy-there she is taken by Troy’s sword practice and left feeling desirous after he kisses her. She has also opened herself up to scandal through entering the pit. Troy has impregnated a girl, Fanny Robin, and Bathsheba is unaware of this. The pit is also a place of concealment. In this environment, Bathsheba and Troy are concealed away from the rest of the world, and Troy is free to practise his designs upon her, uninterrupted. The concealment of the setting reflects the concealment of Troy’s true cruelty. During their meeting, Bathsheba is completely unaware of the scandal that Troy is guilty of-he has abandoned his pregnant former lover. The pit is also a place where light is narrowly concealed. The darkness of the setting may reflect the darkness of Troy’s true character. In a similar way, in Hardy’s â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbivilles,† Alec’s rape of Tess is concealed in a dark and misty night. His deed like Troy’s seductive shows, is also concealed from the view of other characters, and as a result, both are cast in a sinister light, but Alec more so for is deed than Troy. In conclusion Hardy uses setting to reflect the descent that Bathsheba encounters physically and emotionally when she is to meet Troy. Hardy also describes Bathsheba’s apprehension when meeting Troy in order to cause their meeting to appear more significant to the reader than other scenes in the novel; a technique employed by Mary Shelley in â€Å"Frankenstein. † His description of her blood rushing, and the fire that she feels inside herself functions to describe her desire for Troy, and this also signals the beginning of Bathsheba’s reason being broken into.

Essay about Discrimination Model of Supervision - 776 Words

CASE STUDY Supervision Case Study Deirdre Cotter Garfield Walden University CASE STUDY The discrimination model of supervision developed by Bernard amp; Goodyear, (1998) has three primary focus areas in training novice counselors these include use of intervention, what the supervisee is doing in the session that is observable, conceptualization or how the session work is being conducted and the level of understanding the supervisee has regarding client themes and application of specific counseling session interventions, and personalization, the supervisors own approach or method. This model embeds three essential supervisory roles, teacher, counselor and consultant in providing effective supervision. The teachers primary†¦show more content†¦Another approach to use in the teacher role would to initiate videotaping some sessions. Reviewing his audiotape seems to elicit increased anxiety, by moving to videotaping a session the supervisor could actually observe Michael in the counseling session and could reinforce skills used with the client, build u pon strengths and identify challenges to receive additional training in. Using videotape allows for the review of nonverbal communication, client incongruence, or lack of synchrony between the client and the supervisee to be recognized (Erford,2010). This supervision provides increased focus for Michael to receive feedback on his approach while allowing review systematically the delivery of services. Using the counselor role in supervision will provide an opportunity to increase his competencies while also recognizing that Michael is at the beginning of his clinical internship experience and his academic lens must now evolve into practical theoretical applications and developing competencies. Assuring him will also be important to reduce his verbalized insecurity, by exploring his affective insecurity and any defensive reactions, which may interfere in his self awareness and growth as a counseling professional( Stenack amp; Dye,1982). It is also important in this case to learn mor e about Michaels own personal and cultural experiences and howShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Model of Supervision1386 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination Model of Supervision By: Nashetta Rowell Ethics in Counselor Education and Supervision June 25, 2011 School counseling is a complex and demanding component of the counseling profession. With an increase of social and emotional stressors, children and youth of today face numerous challenges. These challenges ultimately affect children in school. 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